Salvēte omnēs! Welcome back to Latin for Wikiversity. Today we'll learn the perfect subjunctive - another important way to express wishes and possibilities.
New Grammar
The perfect subjunctive is quite straightforward! We take the perfect stem (the third principal part minus -ī) and add these endings:
| Person |
Singular |
Plural
|
| 1st |
-erim |
-erimus
|
| 2nd |
-eris |
-eritis
|
| 3rd |
-erit |
-erint
|
For example, with amāvī (I have loved):
| Person |
Singular |
Plural
|
| 1st |
amāverim |
amāverimus
|
| 2nd |
amāveris |
amāveritis
|
| 3rd |
amāverit |
amāverint
|
Verbs in This Lesson
| Verb
|
Perfect Subjunctive Form
|
Meaning
|
| amō |
amāverim |
may I have loved
|
| videō |
vīderim |
may I have seen
|
| scribō |
scrīpserim |
may I have written
|
New Words
| Latin
|
English
|
Audio (Classical)
|
Notes
|
| fortasse |
perhaps |
|
Used with perfect subjunctive
|
| num |
whether |
|
Used in indirect questions
|
New Sentences
| Latin
|
English
|
Notes
|
| Fortasse amāverim. |
Perhaps I have loved. |
Simple possibility
|
| Fortasse epistulam vīderis. |
Perhaps you have seen the letter. |
With direct object
|
| Fortasse puer librum scrīpserit. |
Perhaps the boy has written the book. |
With subject and object
|
| Nescio num epistulam scrīpserim. |
I don't know whether I have written the letter. |
Indirect question
|
| Timeō nē tē amāverim. |
I fear that I have loved you. |
Fear clause
|
| Fortasse librōs vīderimus. |
Perhaps we have seen the books. |
Plural object
|
| Nescio num epistulam scrīpseris. |
I don't know whether you have written the letter. |
Another indirect question
|
| Fortasse verba mea audīverint. |
Perhaps they have heard my words. |
With possessive
|
Practice
| Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson
|
| Step one |
First learn the words using this lesson:
|
| Step two |
Next try learning and writing the sentences using this:
|
Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage.
If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function)
|
Next time, we'll learn more ways to use the perfect subjunctive. Until then, valēte!