Salvēte omnēs! Welcome back to Latin for Wikiversity. Today we'll learn how to form and use the passive perfect subjunctive. Like other passive forms in Latin, this uses compound forms with the verb "sum".
New Grammar
The passive perfect subjunctive uses the perfect passive participle (the fourth principal part) plus the present subjunctive of sum. The participle must agree with the subject in gender, number, and case. Here's an example with amātus (loved):
| Person |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter
|
| 1st sg |
amātus sim |
amāta sim |
amātum sim
|
| 2nd sg |
amātus sīs |
amāta sīs |
amātum sīs
|
| 3rd sg |
amātus sit |
amāta sit |
amātum sit
|
| 1st pl |
amātī sīmus |
amātae sīmus |
amāta sīmus
|
| 2nd pl |
amātī sītis |
amātae sītis |
amāta sītis
|
| 3rd pl |
amātī sint |
amātae sint |
amāta sint
|
Verbs in This Lesson
| Latin
|
English
|
Notes
|
| amō |
love |
amātus sim = may I have been loved
|
| doceō |
teach |
doctus sim = may I have been taught
|
| mittō |
send |
missus sim = may I have been sent
|
New Words
| Latin
|
English
|
Audio (Classical)
|
Notes
|
| forte |
by chance |
|
Used with subjunctive
|
| nesciō an |
perhaps |
|
Introduces uncertain statement
|
New Sentences
| Latin
|
English
|
Notes
|
| Forte amātus sim. |
Perhaps I have been loved. |
Masculine singular
|
| Nesciō an amāta sīs. |
Perhaps you have been loved. |
Feminine singular
|
| Fortasse ā magistrō doctus sit. |
Perhaps he has been taught by the teacher. |
With agent
|
| Timeō nē epistula missa sit. |
I fear that the letter has been sent. |
Neuter subject
|
| Forte ā parentibus amātī sīmus. |
Perhaps we have been loved by our parents. |
Masculine plural
|
| Nesciō an doctae sītis. |
I don't know whether you (pl.) have been taught. |
Feminine plural
|
| Fortasse librī missī sint. |
Perhaps the books have been sent. |
Masculine plural object
|
| Forte verba audīta sint. |
Perhaps the words have been heard. |
Neuter plural
|
Practice
| Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson
|
| Step one |
First learn the words using this lesson:
|
| Step two |
Next try learning and writing the sentences using this:
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Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage.
If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function)
|
In our next lesson, we'll begin learning about how to use all these subjunctive forms in more complex sentences. Until then, valēte!